Network Defense Essentials (NDE) Practice Exam

What role does the principle of least privilege play in access control?

1. Users are granted full access to all resources

2. Users can only access resources necessary for their role

3. All users have the same access level

4. Access is unrestricted

The correct answer is: Users can only access resources necessary for their role

The principle of least privilege is fundamental in access control as it dictates that users should only be granted access to the resources and information necessary for them to perform their specific job or role. This approach is designed to limit potential damage in the event of a security breach, whether that breach occurs accidentally or maliciously. By restricting access rights, the organization minimizes the risks associated with excessive privileges, as fewer permissions mean fewer opportunities for unauthorized actions, whether intentional or unintentional. In a practical application, this principle helps prevent insider threats and reduces the attack surface that cybercriminals can exploit. If users only have access to what they need, even if their credentials are compromised, the exposure of sensitive data or systems is limited. Additionally, managing user access becomes more straightforward, as permissions can be tailored to specific job functions, streamlining both security policies and operational workflows. Other options suggest broader access levels—granting full access, uniform access for all users, or unrestricted access—which would not adhere to the principle of least privilege. Such practices can lead to significant vulnerabilities and increased risks within the network environment, undermining overall security protocols.