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The process layer in IoT security is characterized primarily by the automation of operations. This layer is responsible for executing the functions and processes that occur in an IoT system, which often involves a high degree of automated decision-making and control. Automation is crucial because it enables quick responses to data inputs, enhances efficiency, and reduces the likelihood of human error.

The other options each pertain to different aspects of IoT security but do not specifically define the process layer itself. While encryption of messages is vital for ensuring confidentiality and integrity of data in transit, it is more related to the communication layer. Data aggregation is important for analyzing and synthesizing information but is more about data handling and processing rather than operational execution. System integration deals with how various components or systems interact seamlessly, which is more focused on connectivity and interoperability than the automated processes themselves.

Thus, the defining characteristic of the process layer is its emphasis on automating operations to facilitate effective system function within the IoT environment.