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File-level encryption is specifically designed to secure information at the granularity of individual files and folders. This form of encryption allows users to apply encryption measures selectively to specific data, ensuring that those files or folders are protected from unauthorized access while leaving the rest of the data intact and accessible.

This method is particularly useful for scenarios where sensitive data is stored among other general data. Because it allows for encryption on a per-file basis, it gives users control over which information requires protection, facilitating compliance with regulations that require data protection without the resource overhead of encrypting an entire disk.

Full-disk encryption, in contrast, encrypts all data on a disk drive, which may include files, folders, and the operating system itself, making it less targeted in terms of specific file protection. End-to-end encryption focuses on securing data throughout its entire transmission path, ensuring that only the sender and the intended recipient can read the information while it is in transit, unrelated to file storage security. Finally, transport layer encryption secures data during transmission over networks but does not address the encryption of stored files or folders.